Managing multiple sclerosis through movement: a biokinetics perspective

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), disrupting communication between the brain and the body. This disruption of CNS structures leads to deficits in body functions which affect patient activities.  The symptoms of MS range from muscle weakness and fatigue to coordination issues and cognitive changes. Research suggests that exercise training in people with MS can potentially improve many of their functions, Therefore, for individuals living with MS, exercise is crucial to managing the symptoms even though staying active can be challenging.[1] This is where biokinetics plays a vital role.

Biokinetics is a specialized field of exercise therapy focused on rehabilitating movement through scientifically designed physical activity. For individuals with MS, biokinetics provides a structured, individualized approach to maintaining and improving physical function.

How does MS affect movement?

MS can lead to muscle spasticity, weakness, fatigue, balance disorders and mobility limitations. These physical impairments impact daily living, increase the risk of falls and can contribute to a sedentary lifestyle that worsens symptoms over time.[1]

The role of biokinetics in MS management

A biokineticist helps maintain independence and mobility through exercise programs that focus on:

·         Preserving strength and joint mobility[2]

·         Improving fatigue, aerobic capacity and quality of life[3] through graded activity[4]

·         Enhancing balance and coordination

·         Preventing deconditioning and secondary complications

Common functional challenges in MS

-          Muscle weakness and spasticity leading to difficulty walking. [1]

-          Fatigue impacts energy levels.[3]

-          Balance and coordination caused by disruptions in the nervous system that can impair motor

control

-          Walking difficulties, foot drop or ataxia

Biokinetics Assessment

Each patient with MS undergoes a thorough assessment to evaluate their current functional status. This includes testing balance, strength, flexibility, endurance and gait analysis. Short- and long-term goals are set based on the individual’s condition and progression.

Exercise prescription

Biokinetics sessions are highly individualized and may include;

·         Aerobic training: low impact exercises such walking, cycling or water aerobics[5]

·         Strength training: focused on major muscle groups to support joint function[2]

·         Balance and proprioception: to reduce fall risk and improve coordination[6]

·         Fatigue management techniques

·         Progress monitoring

·         Psychological benefits and motivation

In conclusion, biokinetics empowers MS patients to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. If you are living with MS, a biokinetics program could be the key to better mobility, less fatigue and a better sense of control.

1. Motl RW, Pilutti LA. The benefits of exercise training in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(9):487-97.

2. Dalgas U, Stenager E, Ingemann-Hansen T. Multiple sclerosis and physical exercise: recommendations for the application of resistance-, endurance- and combined training. Mult Scler. 2008;14(1):35-53.

3. Latimer-Cheung AE, Pilutti LA, Hicks AL, Martin Ginis KA, Fenuta AM, MacKibbon KA, et al. Effects of exercise training on fitness, mobility, fatigue, and health-related quality of life among adults with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review to inform guideline development. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(9):1800-28.e3.

4. Torres-Costoso A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Álvarez-Bueno C, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, et al. Effect of Exercise on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Meta-analysis Comparing Different Types of Exercise. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2022;103(5):970-87.e18.

5. Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, Spencer MK, Mino L, Hicks RW. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1996;39(4):432-41.

6. Hebert JR, Corboy JR, Manago MM, Schenkman M. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on multiple sclerosis-related fatigue and upright postural control: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2011;91(8):1166-83.